Computation of deformation induced by earthquakes in a. The formation of mountains results from the motion of tectonic plates. Plate tectonics, the movement of the earths lithospheric plates, is the major cause of the crustal deformation. Ppt minerals of the earths crust powerpoint presentation. In fact, the extremely dense spatial sampling is only necessary when the nearfield deformation of shallow sources like the izmit earthquake is considered. Intraplate deformation brings another aspect to plate tectonic theory. Interseismic crustal deformation in northern california.
The newly added rock then horizontally pushes previously created ocean crust away from the rift in a conveyor belt fashion. Unit 4 chapter 11 deformation of the crust unit 4 chapter. A graben fault is produced when tensional stresses result in the subsidence of a block of rock. Injected melt or magma weakens the crust because strain will tend to localize where melt is present. Unit 4 chapter 11 deformation of the crust section 1 deformation of the crust mountain ranges are a visible reminder that the earth is constantly changing. This leads to an increase in the density of regions of earths crust, which leads to changes in plate motion at convergent boundaries where rock sinks beneath other rock. A horst fault is the development of two reverse faults causing a block of rock to be pushed up figure 10l12.
Deformation the process by which the shape of a rock changes because of stress is called deformation. Isostatic adjustment the up and down movements of the earths crust to reach isostasy. How the crust is deformed deformation of the crust is the bending, tilting, and braking of the earths crust. Mountain ranges are constantly changing in a process called deformation the bending, tilting and breaking of earths crust. Most deformation occurs along tectonic plate boundaries. Augath general trend the determination of crustal deformation takes profit from the general progress in the field of reference systems and their realisation. The example shown above is a hard test for the software. Deformation in the deep crust is strongly influenced by the presence of melt. Most result from compressional stresses which shorten and thicken the crust. Slides regarding the deformation of the crust used in fiu.
Deformation causes rock layers to bend and break and causes mountains to form. The formation of mountains results from the motion of. Isostatic adjustment is the up and down movements of the crust occur because of two opposing forces. Some of the changes are a result of deformation, or bending, tilting and breaking of the crust. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Start studying chapter 11 deformation of the crust. Occurs during crustal deformation mountain building. Chapter 11 deformation of the crust flashcards quizlet. Due to earthquakes, which displace the surface up or down or horizontally and cause landslides. Seafloor spreading, continental drift theory, plate tectonics the two forces roughly balance each other, so the shape and diameter of the earth remains constant. Sedimentary rock types deform more easily because they are softer. Vertical movements each successive earthquake can contribute an increment of a few meters of vertical displacement, which can amount to s of meters.
You will be told if your answer is correct or not and will be given some comments. Shear stresses will be experienced by any element of the earths crust subject to migration across the latitudes. The greens function of a layered earth model from crust 1. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. On a large scale these features are known as rift valleys figure 10l11. Mantle thick layer below the crust made of heavy ultramafic rocks olivine. Deformation of the crust geological interpretation how rocks behave under stress, to better understand earthquakes. Unit 2 lecture 1 deformation of earths crust youtube. The topographic map illustrated in figure 10l1 suggests that the earths surface has been deformed.
Oct 19, 2014 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. You can customize the printable with the options shown below, or you can just click the make printable quiz button to create it now. The procedure for surface monitoring during the experiment was the following. Brittle deformation causes rocks to be transported on faults and folds, whereas ductile deformation involves elastic and recoverable strain only. Brittle deformation is very similar to ductile deformation except for the elastic strain energy found in rocks that have undergone brittle deformation. Folding, faulting, volcanic activity, igneous intrusion and metamorphism are all parts of the orogenic process of mountain building. During deformation, four synchronized cameras took photographs of the model surface for each increment of deformation figure 8. Deformation of the earths crust can occur abruptly or gradually. Rock structures formed by ductile deformation anticline and synclines. Ppt earths crust in motion powerpoint presentation. Eclogitization is the tectonic process in which the highpressure, metamorphic facies, eclogite a very dense rock, is formed. Crustal deformation practice exam questions written by timothy h.
Ductile deformation during crustal deformation, rocks are often bent into a series of wave like undulations called folds characteristics of folds most folds result from compressional stresses th at result in a shortening and thickening of the crust folds. An orogeny is an event that leads to both structural deformation and compositional differentiation of the earths lithosphere crust and uppermost mantle at convergent plate margins. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. This process usually occurs in areas with especially weak crust and upper mantle, such as the tibetan plateau figure 1. Pdf role of melt during deformation in the deep crust. Crustal deformation earth, chapter 10 crustal deformation. Deformation of rocks in earths crust takes many forms. Potentially related to opening of the north atlantic. Where plates converge, water is driven off the subducting plate, and added to the overlying lithosphere this water acts as a flux to reduce the melting temperature, and cause hot solid. Plate tectonics is the movement of the earth crust, but its not the only force that shapes the earths crust 5. Lithosphere a strong layer that defines tectonic plates. Factors that affect deformation temperature pressure strain rate rock type the variation of these factors determines if a rock will fault or fold. Changes in volume, shape, and position can occur alone.
Subsidence the way rocks change shape because of stress bend or break whether a rock bends of breaks depends on a lot of factors, such as temperature uplift is simply the rising of regions of the. Segall stanford, we are integrating existing geodetic data to elucidate the spatial and temporal patterns of crustal deformation within the bay area. Olivine is stronger than the minerals that make up most crustal rocks, so the upper part of the mantle is again strong. Evidence for postseismic deformation of the lower crust. Causes of the deformation of the earths crust nature. Spacebased data expand understanding of crustal deformation. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Bending of a series of flatlying rock layers into wavelike undulations. The word tectonic refers to the deformation of the crust as a. Unlike continental crust, oceanic crust is actively being created at the various midoceanic ridges. Intraplate deformation is the folding, breaking, or flow of the earths crust within plates instead of at their margins. The deformation features of the southern plateau, especially the emergence of the glacierlike flow zone, may imply an eastward escape of highly plastic upper crustal material driven by a lower crust viscous channel flow generated by lateral compression and gravitational buoyancy at the later developmental stage of the plateau shen et al. Click the circle by an answer with the mouse, then click on the submit button to get a response.
Deformation is responsible for many changes in the earths surface including bending, tilting, and breaking. Predict isostatic adjustments that will result from changes in the thickness of the earths crust. A global plate model including lithospheric deformation along. For farfield deformation or deeper earthquakes, the computation effort will. May also produce changes in the location and orientation of rocks.
Usually layered that results from the consolidation of lithification of. Crustal deformation study guide by mattyg26 includes 44 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Feb 07, 2011 how the crust is deformation is the bending, tilting, and breaking of the earths crust. Deformation at the eastern margin of the northern canadian. Presentday crustal motion within the tibetan plateau. An orogen or orogenic belt develops when a continental plate crumples and is pushed upwards to form one or more mountain ranges. Most result from compressional stresses which shorten and. Sep 05, 2012 how the crust is deformed deformation of the crust is the bending, tilting, and braking of the earths crust. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Occurs during crustal deformationmountain building.
Deformation at the eastern margin of the northern canadian cordillera. Ppt earths crust in motion powerpoint presentation free. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Computation of deformation induced by earthquakes in a multi. Together with paleoseismic and other geologic observations, geodetic data are central in longterm. Ppt deformation of the crust powerpoint presentation. About a third of the continental crustal area has been deformed since 240 ma, partitioned roughly into 65%. Geodetic measurements provide the best constraints on the rate of strain accumulation on faults within the san francisco bay area. However, we show that some fraction of the afterslip inferred from kinematic inversion to have occurred immediately below the seismically ruptured area may in fact be a substitute for viscous postseismic deformation of the lower crust.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Interseismic crustal deformation in northern california mark murray introduction. Researchers used the largest gps data set yet to examine deformation of the crust across continental china and its implications for tectonic. Identify sources of stress in crustal rock deformation bending, tilting, and breaking of the earths crust plate tectonics is the major cause of crustal deformation, but is not the only. At the midocean ridges, magma erupts onto the ocean floor in centrally located rift zones figure 10j3. Heaton, professor of earth sciences, university of south dakota. Due to the fact that modern reference systems are realised on a kinematic basis. Deformation is the process by which the crust is deformed along tectonic plate margins. This deformation is the result of forces that are strong enough to move ocean sediments to an eleveation many thousands meters above sea level. Layer objects on slides powerpoint microsoft office support. How the crust is deformation is the bending, tilting, and breaking of the earths crust. Deformation produces a variety of geologic structures such as folds, faults, joints, and foliation. Deformation of the crust fault geology plate tectonics.
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